Protohistoric Period – Meghalaya PCS Free Notes

The Protohistoric period in Meghalaya, bridging the gap between prehistory and history, is a fascinating era marked by the emergence of settled communities, agriculture, and early trade networks. This period laid the foundation for the unique cultural landscape of Meghalaya today. While archaeological evidence is still somewhat limited, it sheds light on the lives of the people and their interactions with neighboring cultures.

Early Trade Networks and Interactions

The Protohistoric period in Meghalaya saw the development of early trade networks, connecting the region with other parts of Northeast India and beyond. Evidence suggests that Meghalaya was a crucial link in the trade routes that connected the Brahmaputra Valley with the Bengal delta.

Commodities: The trade primarily revolved around commodities like stone tools, pottery, and agricultural produce. Meghalaya, rich in various types of stone, likely exported stone tools and implements. The discovery of pottery shards with stylistic similarities to those found in the Brahmaputra Valley and Bengal points to the exchange of goods and cultural ideas.

Trade Routes: The exact routes these early traders followed remain uncertain. However, the presence of navigable rivers and accessible mountain passes likely facilitated movement and exchange. The Brahmaputra River, for instance, could have been a major artery for trade with the Assam Valley.

Impact: This early trade had a profound impact on Meghalaya. It brought in new ideas, technologies, and cultural practices, contributing to the region's development. The interaction with different cultures also likely led to the exchange of knowledge about agriculture, metalworking, and other crafts.

Influence of Neighboring Cultures

Meghalaya's strategic location meant that it was influenced by various neighboring cultures during the Protohistoric period.

The Brahmaputra Valley: The Brahmaputra Valley civilization, with its advanced agricultural practices and sophisticated pottery traditions, had a significant influence on Meghalaya. This is evidenced by the similarities in pottery styles and agricultural practices between the two regions.

Bengal: The Bengal delta, with its access to the sea and trade with other parts of South Asia, also played a role in shaping Meghalaya's Protohistoric culture. The discovery of artifacts like beads and metal objects suggests contact with Bengal.

Southeast Asia: Some scholars suggest that there might have been connections with Southeast Asia during this period. This is based on the presence of certain cultural practices and artifacts that bear resemblance to those found in Southeast Asia. However, more research is needed to confirm these links.

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